Celebrating safely: what to do in case of a burn on the night of Sant Joan

The Revetlla de Sant Joan, celebrated on the night of June 23 to 24, is one of Catalonia's most popular festivities. The tradition fills streets and beaches with music, bonfires, and fireworks to welcome the summer. But amid the celebrations, the risk of fire rises.  

During last year's Sant Joan festivities, the Sistema d'Emergències Mèdiques (SEM) attended to 79 people in Catalonia for incidents related to the celebration. Burns caused by firecrackers or accidental contact with flames are the main concerns.  

Even though only 2% of last year's SEM cases were burns, they remain a notable risk, particularly among children and young people. Health professionals warn people to be cautious as these injuries can lead to complications if not treated properly.  

What to do in case of a burn 

Before celebrating the Revetlla de Sant Joan, it's essential to know how to respond in case of a burn. The following is a basic guide, always seek professional medical advice when in doubt. 

First aid for minor burns 

1. Wash your hands ⇒ Always wash your hands before touching the wound to prevent infection. 

2. Cool the burn ⇒ Rinse the affected area with cold (not ice-cold) water for 10 to 20 minutes. Never apply ice directly to the skin. 

3. Clean the wound gently ⇒ If there is visible dirt or debris, clean the area with water and neutral soap. 

4. Consult a medical professional ⇒ Do not apply any creams or home remedies without consulting a doctor first. The depth and extent of the burn must be assessed properly. 

5. Cover the area ⇒ Use a sterile gauze moistened with saline solution, and loosely cover the burn. Do not wrap tightly. 

6. Avoid sun exposure ⇒ Keep the burned skin out of the sun, and do not pop any blisters that may form. 

7. Manage pain carefully ⇒ If needed, take a painkiller such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, but only under medical supervision. 

Third-degree burns are the most dangerous, affecting all layers of skin and possibly deeper tissues. Seek emergency medical help if you notice any of the following signs: 

Visible signs: 

• White, blackened, or charred skin 

• Dry or leathery texture 

• Severe swelling or redness 

• Oozing or signs of infection (e.g. pus, fever) 

Additional symptoms: 

• No pain in the most damaged area (due to destroyed nerve endings) 

• Breathing difficulties, confusion, dizziness, fainting 

• Signs of shock or dehydration 

If any of these symptoms appear, do not attempt home treatment. Go to a hospital immediately. 

For more medical information about burns and what to do in case of a burn caused by pyrotechnic materials, check the official website of Barcelona's Sant Joan de Déu Hospital. For more information and precautions on the use of fireworks, check the official website of the Catalan government.