1 in 5 people in Catalonia don't know what Christmas means, survey finds

Around 20% of people in Catalonia are unable to explain that Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, according to the fourth Religiosity Survey published by the Catalan government's Directorate General of Religious Affairs.

The knowledge gap is most pronounced among younger residents. Nearly 32% of people aged 16 to 25 failed to answer correctly.

In all other age groups, the share of correct answers ranged from 79% among adults aged 25 to 34, to 86% among those aged 50 to 64.

The figures reflect a broader trend of declining religious literacy, particularly among younger generations, with only 63.9% of respondents able to identify the Pope as the head of the Catholic Church.

Some 67.5% of respondents knew the times of day when Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan, which occurs from dawn to sunset each day. In this question, younger participants outperformed older groups.

Knowledge of Tibetan Buddhism was particularly low, with just 34.6% able to identify the Dalai Lama as its highest spiritual leader.