banking

The former leader of the European Union diplomacy and now an International Relations professor at the Barcelona-based ESADE business school, Javier Solana, stated that it is “difficult” to believe that such a measure could be implemented in Spain or Italy. Solana, who chairs the EsadeGeo Centre for Global Economy and Geopolitics, highlighted the fact that “it is an unprecedented decision to make all depositors pay” such a tax. According to Solana, this could create “insecurity” and it is “an unfair decision for honest money savers”, despite the measure targeting those who have manipulated Cyprus’ financial system.

The Barcelona-based bank, CaixaBank, which leads the Spanish retail banking market, is planning to lay off 3,000 workers in order “to adapt to the current context” and “improve the efficiency” of its resources. According to the Catalan financial company, the reform is “necessary” after having taken over Banca Cívica’s network and as they absorbing Banc de València’s too. CaixaBank has engaged in formal talks with the unions, which could be on-going until late April. The objective is to negotiate the exact measures to adjust the staff numbers to the business volume.

The Catalan Banc Sabadell finished 2012 with positive results and net benefits of €81.9 million. Banc Sabadell has now reached 5th position among the Spanish financial entities in the last economic exercise due to its assets valued at €175 billion. However, this figure shows a 64.7% drop in benefits in comparison to 2011. The main reason for the decrease is the €2.54 billion for provisions, 142.2% more than 2011. The President of Banc Sabadell, Josep Oliu, emphasised the company’s solvency and spoke of its capacity to buy additional entities in the international market.

The CaixaBank President, Isidre Fainé, is optimistic about 2013, which “will be better than the year left behind”. The attributable net profits of CaixaBank, Spain’s main bank, decreased by 78.2% in 2012 compared to the previous year, as the Catalan financial entity focused on fully restructuring its business and purchasing other financial entities in order to enlarge its customer base and reach 13 million clients. The Catalan bank’s customer funds increased by 19.6%, up to €288.57 billion and its loans portfolio grew by 20.1%, reaching €223.45 billion. Furthermore, CaixaBank allocated €10.3 billion for provisioning charges and write-downs. The Barcelona-based financial entity had an income of €6.74 billion and a net operating income of €3.17 billion. In addition, CaixaBank will keep its €500 million budget for its social work foundation.

The Catalan bank has issued debt securities for €1 billion that attracted a demand of €3.4 billion. As other multinational companies such as CaixaBank and Gas Natural Fenosa did this week, Banc Sabadell is profiting from the lower spread in order to pay lower interest rates than they were a few months ago. The Catalan private bank has obtained a spread of 250 basis points over the midswap rate, which is a better interest rate than that obtained by the Spanish Treasury in its recent operations.

The operation has rocketed CaixaBank shares in the Spanish stock exchange market, which increased by 11.75% in just one day. The Catalan CaixaBank, which is the largest bank in Spain, successfully issued €1 billion in 3-year senior bonds. The operation has attracted more than 300 orders from institutional investors, representing around €5 billion, which has allowed the Barcelona-based bank to sell its bonds at a better price thanks to the significant oversubscription. 80% of the bonds issued were placed among international investors, confirming the positive recognition CaixaBank has in international financial markets. It was the first time their senior bonds have been issued on the international markets since 2010.

With this decision, the Catalan Government wants “to safeguard” its power to adopt this type of tax or the equivalent revenue, after the Spanish Government announced the creation of its own tax while keeping it at 0% to prevent the Autonomous Communities from approving it. The Constitutional Court has already backed the taxes on bank deposits created by Extremadura, Andalucía and Canarias. Catalonia’s tax will not affect clients but only the banks. It will affect all banks operating in Catalonia, independent of where they are based. In addition, it will have retroactive effects as from the 30th of November. The Spanish Finance Minister warned that the Spanish Government will fully oppose it.

Banc Sabadell and Banco Mare Nostrum have reached a definitive agreement over the transfer of Caixa Penedès’ territorial network and business in Catalonia and Aragon to the Catalan bank. After this has been completed, Banc Sabadell will strengthen its retail banking activity and will have the fourth largest network of branches in Catalonia. The bank will increase its commercial network in Catalonia by 92% and will incorporate 462 branches, 900,000 clients and 2,000 workers. Caixa Penedès was a medium-sized savings bank in Catalonia. In 2010 it took part in a ‘cold merger’ with 3 other Spanish savings banks and in 2011 they created Banco Mare Nostrum.

The Spanish Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring (FROB), which is run by the Bank of Spain and the Spanish Government, has announced that it will re-start the auction proceedings to sell Catalunya Banc and Banc de València. The selling process was temporarily frozen on the 21st of June, so as to wait for a calmer financial environment. The FROB decided to put the auction on hold, in order to wait for the results of the two independent audits on Spain’s banking system made by Oliver Wyman and Roland Berger. In June, Catalunya Banc’s auction was only pending the final offers by six financial entities to be completed. In September 2011, the FROB took control of Catalunya Banc, which de facto was nationalised.

However, CatalunyaBanc would need a maximum of €10.83 billion in the most stressed scenario. According to the independent audit by Oliver Wyman, with KPGM, Deloitte, PwC and Ernst & Young, the Spanish banking system would need a maximum of €53.75 billion in the worst case scenario. 4 banking groups would concentrate 86% of these additional funds. In total, 7 banking groups would need additional funds, while 7 groups would be strong enough, with their own resources, to resist a hypothetical scenario with a 6.5% recession between 2012 and 2014, 27% unemployment, a 85% drop in land prices and a 55% decrease in housing prices.

The British financial news publication has also awarded the Spanish Santander the ‘Best Bank in the World 2012’. Euromoney emphasised CaixaBank’s fiancial solvency and its strong growth over the previous years.

Independent auditors state that in the worst possible scenario the Spanish banking system would need up to €62 billion. The Eurozone agreed to put at Spain’s disposal up to €100 billion if needed. In the most likely scenario, the Spanish banking system would require between €16 billion and €25.6 billion. Within the most stressed case, Spain’s three main banks would have enough resources of their own to face difficulties and would not need any additional funding. They are the Barcelona-based CaixaBank and the two international giants BBVA and Banco Santander.

According to the Bank of Spain’s Deputy Governor, the Catalan bank would need an additional amount of €4.5 billion to meet the capital requirements of the last decree approved by the Spanish Government. Before this announcement, the Spanish State had already allocated €2.97 billion to rescue CatalunyaCaixa. Novagalicia would also need €4.5 billion. Combined, these €9 billion are to be added to the €19 billion for Bankia. The Spanish Government refuses to give the total figure required by the entire banking system, as it waits for the independent audit’s results. However, the IMF leaked that Spanish banks might need €40 billion.

Josep Oliu, President of Banc Sabadell, thinks that if somebody is to be made responsible for the current crisis, a thorough analysis of the decisions of sector managers during the 2003-2007 period should be made, and not among those currently in charge. Oliu, who has been a banker “all his life”, feels he is a “victim” of a situation provoked by managers who were “not acting as bankers”. The Catalan banker recognised that the Spanish banking system can still face the new requirements on its own but it is getting “closer to the limit of its own economic capacity”. Besides, Oliu was very satisfied with the European Commission’s green light for CAM’s integration into Banc Sabadell’s business.

Considering the “exceptional” crisis Spain’s banking system is going through, the Cercle d’Economia, a Catalan economic forum open to businesspeople and academics, recommends “drastic” measures in order to face a “systemic” problem at European level. The Chairman of Cercle d’Economia, former Spanish Minister Josep Piqué, stated that Spain “will not succeed on its own”.